When the parish registers were introduced to the kingdom in 1538, a more definite idea of distribution of family name was obtained.Hereditary surnames gradually rose by the end of the 13th century whilst some did not take surnames in the lower classes. ![]() It was recorded that surnames were fixed among the nobility and upper classes in 12th century.The rise of hereditary surnames was attributed to the Norman Conquest, when the Domesday Book was created.For example, Robert de Cavendish, son of Thomas atte Watre de Ewelle, late apprentice of Roger de Cavendish, mercer.Once the apprentice took his master’s surname, it could replace the old one altogether.In the 13th and 14th centuries in London, it became a custom for the apprentice to use his master’s surname either temporarily or permanently.The guilds system, that was based on apprenticeship, brought changes in how surnames developed.Aside from the different manners surnames were formed, guilds in the Middles Ages introduced another way to transfer surnames.Following the union of England and Wales in 1536, the English system of surnames was adopted: name derivation was initially from Gaelic personal names. ![]()
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