![]() A recent insurance registry of 41,882 patients with PAD revealed four‐year amputation rates between 35% and 67% among those with CLI and tissue loss ( Reinecke 2015).ĬLI results in pain at rest and ischaemic leg ulcers/gangrene with substantial deterioration in quality of life (QoL) ( Matsumoto 2016). Furthermore, these patients are at high risk of limb loss. ![]() Rest pain affects patients' sleep rhythm and daily activities ( Sprengers 2010). CLI occurs when significant arterial insufficiency impairs the nutritive requirements of tissues at rest, leading to limb loss if not urgently investigated and treated ( Slovut 2008).Ĭritical limb ischaemia has a major impact on patients' quality of life. The prevalence of CLI has been reported as 1% in the adult population ( Norgren 2007). CLI, also referred to as chronic limb‐threatening ischaemia (CLTI), is defined as rest pain for longer than two weeks or tissue loss attributed to arterial occlusion ( Slovut 2008). In 5% to 10% of patients, asymptomatic PAD or IC will progress to the severe presentation of critical limb ischaemia (CLI) over a five‐year period. This can lead to reduced mobility, which has a direct effect on patients' quality of life ( Peach 2012). walking or exercise) and is rapidly relieved by rest. However, as the disease burden increases, patients can present with intermittent claudication (IC), which is a cramp‐like pain in a specific muscle group that is brought on by exertion (i.e. This process leads to hardening of the vessel wall and eventually a significant reduction in the flow of blood to target tissues ( Peach 2012).ĭespite the relatively high prevalence of PAD, most patients are asymptomatic and have no major walking disability ( McDermott 2001). Atherosclerosis is a progressive and chronic process whereby fat accumulates in the inner layer of blood vessel walls. PAD is caused by progressive narrowing and occlusion of the arteries due to atherosclerosis. It is more common among elderly patients and affects 15% to 20% of people over the age of 70 years ( Dua 2016). Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common disease that affects the blood supply of the limbs.
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